In class on Monday, I noted that the writer of “The King of Storytelling” mistakenly refers to Marc Hye-Knudsen’s article “How Stephen King Writes and Why” as his primary source. If you are researching an author, such as Stephen King, your primary sources are pieces of writing composed by that author–in King’s case, short stories and novels–as well as published interviews with the author. If King is the subject of your final essay and annotated bibliography, your primary source–or at least one of your primary sources–is “Strawberry Spring.” Hye-Knudsen’s article “How Stephen King Writes and Why,” other critical essays devoted to King’s writing, and reviews of his fiction are secondary sources.
If you are researching blogging in the classroom, Matt Richtel‘s New York Times article “Blogs vs. Term Papers” would be a primary resource because it is a firsthand report on the practices of the platform’s supporters and detractors in higher education.
For research on writing longhand, the Atlantic article “To Remember a Lecture Better, Take Notes by Hand” serves as a secondary source because its author, Robinson Meyer, reports on the research by Pam Mueller and Daniel Oppenheimer published in the journal Psychological Science.
Similarly, if you are researching smartphone use, “A Break from Your Smartphone. . .” serves as a secondary source because its author, Allison Aubrey, reports on the research published in PNAS NEXUS, a publication of the National Academy of Science.
If the subject of your research is writing longhand or smartphone use, you are welcome to include both the primary source and the secondary sources listed above as two of your four print sources.
If you are researching limiting screen time beyond smartphone use, Maryanne Wolf’s “Skim Reading is the New Normal . . .” serves as your starting place. Wolf’s article is a hybrid of sorts; it’s an opinion piece that serves as a secondary source for research conducted by educators and researchers in psychology and humanities, including Anne Mangen and Ziming Liu.
The interview that you conducted with your classmate is a primary source because it is the interviewee’s firsthand account of his or her experience with the subject that serves as your focus.
Theoretical Frameworks
As part of the conclusion of your final essay, you will identify a theoretical framework that would guide your research if you chose to develop your final essay and annotated bibliography into a larger project for an upper-level course. To offer examples of how to apply those frameworks to your subjects, I created the table below and distributed copies in class.
The table is by no means comprehensive, but it demonstrates how your essays and annotated bibliographies can develop into larger projects for a variety of disciplines. I did not include “Strawberry Spring” in the table, but I asked you in class what theoretical frameworks you might apply to a research project on King’s fiction. A literary framework is an obvious choice–you could analyze one or more of the narrative’s elements–but three others to consider are these:
- History: a study that examines “Strawberry Spring” as commentary on the Vietnam War.
- Psychology: a study that explores King’s depiction of his narrator as a prototypical serial killer.
- Business: a study that explores King’s active role in the marketing of his fiction and the ways that his authorpreneurship can serve as a model for writers and entrepreneurs in other fields.
Next Up
Wordplay Day! To prepare for class, revisit the Dictionary and World Builder pages on the Scrabble website, the Merriam-Webster Scrabble Word Finder page, and review the blog posts devoted to Scrabble tips, including this one.
Jane Lucas 